TRUJILLO PERU

Located in northwestern Peru is the historic city of Trujillo, the third largest city in Peru after Lima and Arequipa. Trujillo is known as “the city of eternal spring” due to its near perfect weather year round, with sunny skies and 70 degree temperatures. It may be this ideal climate that has attracted so many people throughout history to the area.

The modern city of Trujillo was founded by conquistador Diego de Almagro in 1534. Yet the area had been occupied by indigenous people for a thousand years. Trujillo has twice served as capital of Peru and was the birthplace of the Peruvian Justice System.

A visit to Trujillo offers you a chance to visit beautiful beaches, see the renowned culture, and visit historic sites like the Moche's Temple of the Sol y Luna (Sun and Moon), the Chavin's adobe city of Chan Chan and the walled city center from the Spanish Colonial Period. Trujillo is an diverse destination and it's friendly people make it a wonderful place to spend a night or two while visiting Peru's Kingdom's of the North.

The Walled City of Trujillo

During the time of the Spanish Trujillo was a city of great wealth by 1544 Trujillo had approximately 300 homes and 100 residents with a booming agricultural economy. The city continued to flourished until February 14, 1619 when it was hit by an earthquake which destroyed much of the city and killed approximately 400 people.

The city was rebuilt and due to its wealth, Trujillo became a frequent target of privates and privateers.  To protect the city and its inhabitants a City Wall was built between 1687 and 1689.  The 5.5 km of the original walled city now make up the historic district of Trujillo.

The buildings within the Walled City are known for their wrought-iron window railings, colorful baroque style architecture, and large wooden doors with brass knockers. Trujillo's main square is flanked by many stunning buildings including the offices of the Cathedral, City Hall, the Offices of the Universidad Nacional de Trujillo and the house of families Urquiaga y Bracamonte.

Temples of the Sun and Moon

One of the lesser known sites is a short 15 minutes drive south of Trujillo. The Temples of the Sun and Moon (Sol y Luna) are located in a valley along the Moche River, these adobe pyramids were built by the Moche approximately 1500 years ago. The Temple of the Moon is the smaller of the two temples and is located in front of Cerro Blanco in a North-South Orientation and served as the religious center for the city. While the Temple of the Sun is the newer and larger of the two temples has an east-west orientation, is located in front of Cerro Negro and served as the administration center. The two Huacas are separated by a valley approximately 500 square meters wide that served as the Moche Capital City.

Restoration of the Temple of the Moon began in 1991 and the site was opened to visitors in 1995, while restoration of the Temple of the Sun is scheduled to begin in 2011. Visiting the sites includes a visit to the museum located near the entrance of the Temple of the Moon. The University of Trujillo Museum has an excellent collection of artifacts collected from the site as well as several multimedia presentations of the Moches including their art, architecture and religion.

Thanks to the Moche's belief system, the Temple de Luna is one of the most interesting archeological visits in the Americas. The Moche built the pyramids in levels. Each approximately 100 years they would build a new pyramid completely encompassing the old pyramid. To do so they would fill the old structure will adobe bricks and then plaster over the bricks to seal off the old and make way for the new. As a result when archaeologist began studying the site some 20 years ago, they began peeling back layers and uncovering the original art work of the Moche, tombs, ceramics, and other ornaments. Their work has been solely to discover and preserve the site for the future. there has been no restoration or reinterpretation of the pyramid as is seen at many of the other archaeological sites.

Development of the site the two pyramids and the city in between has been done completely with private funding from individuals, foundations, the university and companies. Much of the work is done by students both locally and from aboard. The Temple of the Moon is a fascinating site well worth the visit and we can only believe that once work begins on the Temple of the Sun and the wonders of that site are made available to the public, that it will become one of the most popular destinations in Peru.

Chan Chan

Prior to the Incas the Chimu Culture lived in the fertile valley area near modern day Trujillo in northern Peru. Descendants of the great Moche Culture who built the great Pyramids of Sol y Luna the Chumu Culture had some similarities to the Moche and some distinct differences in the way they lived. Like the Moche the Chimu lived off the fruit of the sea, they used adobe as their main construction material, they decorated their construction and their ceramics with paintings done in yellows, reds, blacks and whites.

Unlike the Moche's the Chamu did not build enormous pyramids with the city between them, the Chimu built Chan Chan. At 7.7 square miles Chan Chan was the largest pre-Columbian city in the Americas. The city was built with a triangular shaped walled city with the outside protective walls stretching 50 to 60 feet in to the air. It was comprised of 10 walled citadels which housed palaces, burial chambers, temples, boulevards, ceremonial plazas and springs were dug and reservoirs created so that they would have fresh water. The exterior walls made the city so impregnable that even after a lengthy 10 year war, the only way the Inca's were capable of conquering the city was to finally cut off water supply by breaking the aqueduct system that had been built to provide water to the farms and city.

The Chimu so hated the Incas that when the Spanish arrived they welcomed them with open arms. Francisco Pizzaro and Diego de Almagro established the neighboring city of Trujillo named after Pizzaro's home in Spain. The Chimu quickly abandoned Chan Chan and the once great city laid in waste to the environment. Winds and rain during years of el nino would deteriorate the city's walls and the colorful murals. For hundred of years there it sat until in 1969 a Harvard mission headed by Michael E. Moseley came to study Chan Chan.

Today mapping of the site is incomplete and archaeological exploration has only just begun. A restoration effort is underway reconstructing much of the city to look as it did during the time of the Chimu. Visiting Chan Chan is one of the highlights in the northern kingdoms of Peru. Currently only the Tschudi Palace is open to visitors. However as you enter the site you can see the once great city has been cut in half by the Pan-American highway only to imagine how awe inspiring it must have been.

Marcahuamachuco

Marcahuamachuco was the most important Pre-Incan city in the Peruvian Andes, considered by many archaeologists as the Machu Picchu of the North and the Jewel of La Libertad. Set atop the nexus of three mountain valleys at over 10,000 feet (3,200 meters), and encompasses over 3 km of land with a vista of satellite sites and the rivers below.

Until recently the site was difficult to reach, a new road has changed that and it is now a 3 hour drive from Trujillo. Marcahuamachuco was built during the middle horizon period between 400 and 800 AD. Before being conquered by the Incas Marcahuamachuco was the most significant political, economic and military center noted for its trade practices with its neighbors throughout northern Peru and southern Ecuador.

The city of Marcahuamachuco was built to impress all those who saw it the city contained several compounds sounded by curved stone walls soaring to 12 meters high. Inside the walls were inner galleries, rooms, and plazas.

Huanchaco

Huanchaco is a popular beach and surf spot 20 minutes from Trujillo. The beach is noted for its reed boats called caballitos de torta which fishermen take out into to bay to catch fish a practice which has continued since 500 BC. Visitors to Huanchaco enjoy a stroll on the main pier as well as dining on fresh ceviche.